#include <LiquidCrystal.h>  //  include file for lcd display
LiquidCrystal lcd(4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9); // pins for RS, E, DB4, DB5, DB6, Db7


int W_CLK=10; // Pin 10 - D10 - connect to AD9850 module word load clock pin (CLK)
int FQ_UD=11; // Pin 11 - D11 - connect to freq update pin (FQ_UD)
int DATA=12;  // Pin 12 - D12 - connect to serial data load pin (AD9850 D7 = DATA)
int RESET=13; // Pin 13 - D13 - connect to reset pin (RST).

int clk_sense = 0;
int dt_sense = 0;

int clk_location = 3;   // aPin
int dt_location = 2;    // bPin

int result = 0;

unsigned long freq;
unsigned long dial_step;
unsigned long carrier_centre;
unsigned long min_freq;
unsigned long max_freq;
unsigned long hf_band;

int bc;
int band_change_repeat_rate = 400; // delay between each band selection
int bc_delay = 100; // delay for displayed message

int bs;
int step_change_repeat_rate = 400; // delay between each step selection
int bs_delay = 100;  // delay for displayed message
    
int step_alter_setting; // A3 variable
int dial_change_analog_port = 3; // analog port A3 for dial step change

int band_alter_setting; // A2 varaible
int change_rf_band = 2; // analog port A2 for hf band plan change 

int oldA = LOW; // assume position 1 on the rotary encoder
int oldB = LOW; // assume position 1 on the rotary encoder

// start of arduino DDS VFO control program 
void pulseRESET() // pin 11
{
digitalWrite(RESET, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(RESET, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(RESET, LOW);
}

void pulseW_CLK() // pin 8
{
digitalWrite(W_CLK, LOW); 
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(W_CLK, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(W_CLK, LOW);
}

void pulseFQ_UD() // pin 9
{
digitalWrite(FQ_UD, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(FQ_UD, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(FQ_UD, LOW);
}

// frequency control of the AD9850 DDS device for transmitter
void sendFrequency(float frequency)
 {   
      freq = frequency * 4294967295/125000000; // note 125 MHz clock on AD9850
      // if using a system clock of 100MHz by using the AMQRP DDS60 daughter board, then use program below
      //freq = frequency * 4294967295/100000000; // note 100 MHz clock on AD9850 AMQRP DDS60 daughter board
      for (int b=0; b<4; b++, freq>>=8)
    {
      tfr_byte(freq & 0xFF); // to serial program sub-routine
    }   
 }

// transfers a byte, a bit at a time, LSB first to the 9850 via serial DATA line
void tfr_byte(byte data)
{
for (int i=0; i<8; i++, data>>=1) 
    {
      digitalWrite(DATA, data & 0x01);
      pulseW_CLK(); //after each bit sent, CLK is pulsed high
    }   
}

// transfer the phase shift info plus trigger AD9850 internal loading
// the DDS device maybe "powered up" with phase(0x00), or otherwise "powered down" with phase(0x04) 
void phase(byte angle)
{
  {
      tfr_byte(angle); // Final control byte for AD9850 phase shift keying
      pulseFQ_UD();// Done! Should see output
  }
}


void getEncoderTurn()  // rotary encoder sub-routine for rotary movement
{
  // return -1, 0, +1
  int newA = digitalRead(clk_location);
  int newB = digitalRead(dt_location);
  delay(5); // debounce delay
  if (newA != oldA || newB != oldB)
  {
    // something has changed
    if (oldA == LOW && newB == HIGH) // detected position 2 clockwise movement
      {
        result = -1;
        dial_frequency();
      }
  
    if (oldA == LOW && newA == HIGH)  // detected position 4 anti-clockwise movement
      {
        result = 1;
        dial_frequency();
      }
  }
  
 if (newA == oldA && newB == oldB) // then no movement detected
    {
      result = 0;
    }  
  
  oldA = newA;
  oldB = newB;
}



void dial_frequency()  // to test if the band plan limits have been breached
{
      if (carrier_centre == carrier_centre)
            {
              carrier_centre = carrier_centre + (result * dial_step);
              sendFrequency(carrier_centre);
              phase(0x00);  // power up the dds vfo
              //Serial.println(result);
              display_info();      
            }
            
      if ((carrier_centre) >= (max_freq))   // maximum frequency limit of band plan
            {
              carrier_centre = max_freq;   
              lcd.clear();
              lcd.setCursor(0,0);
              lcd.print("freq= ");
              lcd.print(carrier_centre);
              lcd.print("Hz");
              lcd.setCursor(0,1);
              lcd.print("upper band limit");
              delay(1000);  // one second delay to show warning message
            } 
      
      if ((carrier_centre) <= (min_freq))   // minimum frequency limit of band plan
            {
                carrier_centre = min_freq; 
                lcd.clear();
                lcd.setCursor(0,0);
                lcd.print("freq= ");
                lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                lcd.print("Hz");
                lcd.setCursor(0,1);
                lcd.print("lower band limit");
                delay(1000);  // one second delay to show warning message
            }  
}

void display_info()  // display the operating frequency and step change amount used
{
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  lcd.print("dial= ");
  lcd.print(carrier_centre);
  lcd.print("Hz");
  
  if (bs == 6 ) // to detect RTTY mode of dial_step change for RTTY calibration
      {
        lcd.setCursor(0,1);
        lcd.print("RTTY 170Hz shift");
      }
      
  if (bs == 8 ) // to detect RTTY mode of dial_step change for RTTY calibration
      {
        lcd.setCursor(0,1);
        lcd.print("RTTY 475Hz shift");
      }
      
  if (bs == 11 ) // to detect RTTY mode of dial_step change for RTTY calibration
      {
        lcd.setCursor(0,1);
        lcd.print("RTTY 625Hz shift");
      }
  
  if (bs == 9 )
      {
        lcd.setCursor(0,1);
        lcd.print("CW 500Hz tone");
      }
  
  if (bs == 10 )
      {
        lcd.setCursor(0,1);
        lcd.print("CW 600Hz tone"); 
      }
  
  if (bs == 12 )
      {
        lcd.setCursor(0,1);
        lcd.print("CW 700Hz tone"); 
      } 
      
  if (bs !=6  &&  bs != 8  &&  bs != 9  && bs != 10 && bs != 11  &&  bs != 12)
      {
        lcd.setCursor(0,1);
        lcd.print("step= ");
        lcd.print(dial_step);
        lcd.print("Hz");
      }  
 }  
 

void step_change()   // to change the incremental or decremental step values of the dial frequency part one
{
    step_alter_setting = analogRead(dial_change_analog_port); // analog port A3, upper and lower buttons for dial step cahnge
     
if (step_alter_setting < 350)  // cycle down the HF band 
    {
       delay(step_change_repeat_rate); // sense delay for button
       bs = bs - 1;
          if (bs == 0)  // to detect if the bottom of band, them set to top range for down count
             {
               bs = 31; // reach bottom now, starting from the top for downward count
             }
       selection_hf_band_step();  // selection of HF band      
    } 
else if (step_alter_setting > 750)  // cycle up the HF band
    {
         delay(step_change_repeat_rate); // sense delay for button
         bs = bs + 1;
           if (bs == 32)
              {
                bs = 1;  // hit top end, now starting from botton end for upward count
              }
         selection_hf_band_step();  // selection of HF band  
    }
}


void selection_hf_band_step()   // to change the incremental or decremental step values of the dial frequency part two
{
if (bs == bs)  // to show the bs and HF band settings use the IDE monitor app.
  {
               if (bs == 1 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 1;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }
            else if (bs == 2 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 5;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
              else if (bs == 3 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 10;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }    
               else if (bs == 4 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 25;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 5 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 100;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 6 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 170;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 7 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 250;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }
               else if (bs == 8 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 475;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }   
                else if (bs == 9 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 500;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 10 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 600;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                 else if (bs == 11 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 625;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 12 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 700;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 13 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 1500;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }
                 else if (bs == 14 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 3000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }
                 else if (bs == 15 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 3500;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }  
                else if (bs == 16 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 4000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 17 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 5000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 18 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 5500;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }  
                else if (bs == 19 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 6250;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                 else if (bs == 20 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 6500;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }
                  else if (bs == 21 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 8000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                  else if (bs == 22 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 9000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 23 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 10000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 24 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 12500;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 25 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 25000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
               else if (bs == 26 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 50000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }
                else if (bs == 27 )
                  {
                    dial_step = 100000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
                else if (bs == 28 )
                  {
                    dial_step =250000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  } 
               else if (bs == 29 )
                  {
                    dial_step =500000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }   
               else if (bs == 30 )
                  {
                    dial_step =1000000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }
                else if (bs == 31 )
                  {
                    dial_step =5000000;
                    // update display
                    display_info();
                    delay(bs_delay);
                  }  
           }
}


void band_change()  // to change the hf band of operation part one
{
    band_alter_setting = analogRead(change_rf_band); // analog port A2, upper and lower buttons HF band switching
     
if (band_alter_setting < 350)  // cycle down the HF band 
    {
       delay(band_change_repeat_rate); // sense delay for button
       bc = bc - 1;
          if (bc == 0)  // to detect if the bottom of band, them set to top range for down count
             {
               bc = 57; // reach bottom now starting from the top downwards
             }
       selection_hf_band();  // selection of HF band      
    } 
else if (band_alter_setting > 750)  // cycle up the HF band
    {
         delay(band_change_repeat_rate); // sense delay for button
         bc = bc + 1;
           if (bc == 58)
              {
                bc = 1;  // hit top end, now starting from botton end for upward count
              }
         selection_hf_band();  // selection of HF band  
    }
}


void selection_hf_band()   // to change the hf band of operation part two
{
if (bc == bc)  // to show the BC and HF band settings use the IDE monitor app.
  {
          // selection of operation HF band from "bc" and "band_flag" variables
               if (bc == 1 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 136750;
                    min_freq = 135700;
                    max_freq = 137800;
                    hf_band = 136;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VLF 136KHz QRSS");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  } 
         else if (bc == 2 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 475500;
                    min_freq = 472000;
                    max_freq = 479000;
                    hf_band = 600;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("LF 600m CW,QRSS");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }         
         if (bc == 3)
                 {
                    carrier_centre = 1836000;
                    min_freq = 1810000;
                    max_freq = 2000000;
                    hf_band = 160;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 160m CW QRP"); 
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
         else if (bc == 4)
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 3560000;
                    min_freq = 3500000;
                    max_freq = 3800000;
                    hf_band = 80;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 80m CW QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                   }
         else if (bc == 5)
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 3590000;
                    min_freq = 3500000;
                    max_freq = 3800000;
                    hf_band = 80;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 80m digital");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
         else if (bc == 6)
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 3690000;
                    min_freq = 3500000;
                    max_freq = 3800000;
                    hf_band = 80;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 80m SSB QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
         else if (bc == 7)
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 5262000;
                    min_freq = 5000000;
                    max_freq = 5500000;
                    hf_band = 60;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 60m CW QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
         else if (bc == 8)
                   {
                     carrier_centre = 5290000;
                     min_freq = 5000000;
                     max_freq = 5500000;
                     hf_band = 40;
                     // update display
                     lcd.clear();
                     lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                     lcd.print("dial= ");
                     lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                     lcd.print("Hz");
                     lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                     lcd.print("HF 60m beacon");
                     delay(bc_delay);
                   } 
          else if (bc == 9)
                   {
                     carrier_centre = 7015000;
                     min_freq = 7000000;
                     max_freq = 7200000;
                     hf_band = 40;
                     // update display
                     lcd.clear();
                     lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                     lcd.print("dial= ");
                     lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                     lcd.print("Hz");
                     lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                     lcd.print("HF 40m CW call");
                     delay(bc_delay);
                   }           
         else if (bc == 10)
                   {
                     carrier_centre = 7028000;
                     min_freq = 7000000;
                     max_freq = 7200000;
                     hf_band = 40;
                     // update display
                     lcd.clear();
                     lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                     lcd.print("dial= ");
                     lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                     lcd.print("Hz");
                     lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                     lcd.print("HF 40m CW call");
                     delay(bc_delay);
                   }  
            else if (bc == 11)
                   {
                     carrier_centre = 7030000;
                     min_freq = 7000000;
                     max_freq = 7200000;
                     hf_band = 40;
                     // update display
                     lcd.clear();
                     lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                     lcd.print("dial= ");
                     lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                     lcd.print("Hz");
                     lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                     lcd.print("HF 40m CW QRP");
                     delay(bc_delay);
                   }
       else if (bc == 12)
                   {
                     carrier_centre = 7040000;
                     min_freq = 7000000;
                     max_freq = 7200000;
                     hf_band = 40;
                     // update display
                     lcd.clear();
                     lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                     lcd.print("dial= ");
                     lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                     lcd.print("Hz");
                     lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                     lcd.print("HF 40m CW call");
                     delay(bc_delay);
                   } 
         else if (bc == 13)
                   {
                     carrier_centre = 7047500;
                     min_freq = 7000000;
                     max_freq = 7200000;
                     hf_band = 40;
                     // update display
                     lcd.clear();
                     lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                     lcd.print("dial= ");
                     lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                     lcd.print("Hz");
                     lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                     lcd.print("HF 40m CW call");
                     delay(bc_delay);
                   } 
        else if (bc == 14)
                   {
                     carrier_centre = 7090000;
                     min_freq = 7000000;
                     max_freq = 7200000;
                     hf_band = 40;
                     // update display
                     lcd.clear();
                     lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                     lcd.print("dial= ");
                     lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                     lcd.print("Hz");
                     lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                     lcd.print("HF 40m SSB QRP");
                     delay(bc_delay);
                   }
                        
        else if (bc == 15 )
                  {
                     carrier_centre = 10106000;
                     min_freq = 10100000;
                     max_freq = 10150000;
                     hf_band = 30;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 30m CW call");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
       else if (bc == 16 )
                  {
                     carrier_centre = 10116000;
                     min_freq = 10100000;
                     max_freq = 10150000;
                     hf_band = 30;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 30m CW QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
       else if (bc == 17 )
                  {
                     carrier_centre = 10145000;
                     min_freq = 10100000;
                     max_freq = 10150000;
                     hf_band = 30;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 30m digital");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }      
       else if (bc == 18 )
                 {
                    carrier_centre = 14060000;
                    min_freq = 14000000;
                    max_freq = 14350000;
                    hf_band = 20;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 20m CW QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                 }
       else if (bc == 19 )
                 {
                    carrier_centre = 14080000;
                    min_freq = 14000000;
                    max_freq = 14350000;
                    hf_band = 20;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 20m digital");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                 }
        else if (bc == 20 )
                 {
                    carrier_centre = 14100000;
                    min_freq = 14000000;
                    max_freq = 14350000;
                    hf_band = 20;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 20m Beacon");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                 }
        else if (bc == 21)
                 {
                    carrier_centre = 14285000;
                    min_freq = 14000000;
                    max_freq = 14350000;
                    hf_band = 20;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 20m SSB QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                 }
      else if (bc == 22 )
                 {
                    carrier_centre = 18086000;
                    min_freq = 18068000;
                    max_freq = 18168000;
                    hf_band = 17;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 17m CW QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
     else if (bc == 23 )
                 {
                    carrier_centre = 18100000;
                    min_freq = 18068000;
                    max_freq = 18168000;
                    hf_band = 17;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 17m digital");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
      else if (bc == 24 )
                 {
                    carrier_centre = 18110000;
                    min_freq = 18068000;
                    max_freq = 18168000;
                    hf_band = 17;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 17m beacon");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
      else if (bc == 25 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 21060000;
                    min_freq = 21000000;
                    max_freq = 21450000;
                    hf_band = 15;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 15m CW QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
        else if (bc == 26 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 21085000;
                    min_freq = 21000000;
                    max_freq = 21450000;
                    hf_band = 15;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 15m digital");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
       else if (bc == 27 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 21150000;
                    min_freq = 21000000;
                    max_freq = 21450000;
                    hf_band = 15;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 15m beacon");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
        else if (bc == 28 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 21285000;
                    min_freq = 21000000;
                    max_freq = 21450000;
                    hf_band = 15;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 15m QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
       else if (bc == 29)
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 24906000;
                    min_freq = 24890000;
                    max_freq = 24990000;
                    hf_band = 12;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 12m CW QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
        else if (bc == 30 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 24925000;
                    min_freq = 24890000;
                    max_freq = 24990000;
                    hf_band = 12;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 12m digital");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
        else if (bc == 31 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 24930000;
                    min_freq = 24890000;
                    max_freq = 24990000;
                    hf_band = 12;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 12m beacon");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
        else if (bc == 32 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 28060000;
                    min_freq = 28000000;
                    max_freq = 29700000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 10m CW call");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
         else if (bc == 33 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 28100000;
                    min_freq = 28000000;
                    max_freq = 29700000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 10m digital");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
         else if (bc == 34 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 28200000;
                    min_freq = 28000000;
                    max_freq = 29700000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 10m Beacon");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
        else if (bc == 35 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 28360000;
                    min_freq = 28000000;
                    max_freq = 29700000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 10m SSB QRP");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
         else if (bc == 36 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 29400000;
                    min_freq = 28000000;
                    max_freq = 29700000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 10m satellite");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
         else if (bc == 37 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 29600000;
                    min_freq = 28000000;
                    max_freq = 29700000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("HF 10m FM call");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  } 
           else if (bc == 38 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 50150000;
                    min_freq = 50000000;
                    max_freq = 52000000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VHF 6m SSB call");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  } 
           else if (bc == 39 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 50305000;
                    min_freq = 50000000;
                    max_freq = 52000000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VHF 6m PSK31");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  } 
           else if (bc == 40 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 50401000;
                    min_freq = 50000000;
                    max_freq = 52000000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VHF 6m WSPR");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  } 
           else if (bc == 41 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 50510000;
                    min_freq = 50000000;
                    max_freq = 52000000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VHF 6m SSTV");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
           else if (bc == 42 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 50600000;
                    min_freq = 50000000;
                    max_freq = 52000000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VHF 6m digital");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
           else if (bc == 43 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 70090000;
                    min_freq = 70000000;
                    max_freq = 70500000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VHF 4m WSPR");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
           else if (bc == 44 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 70200000;
                    min_freq = 70000000;
                    max_freq = 70500000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VHF 4m SSB/CW");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
           else if (bc == 45 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 70260000;
                    min_freq = 70000000;
                    max_freq = 70500000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VHF 4m AM/FM");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }    
           else if (bc == 46 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 70300000;
                    min_freq = 70000000;
                    max_freq = 70500000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VHF 4m digital");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
           else if (bc == 47 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 70325000;
                    min_freq = 70000000;
                    max_freq = 70500000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("VHF 4m Dx call");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }                                 
           else if (bc == 48 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 500;
                    min_freq = 1;
                    max_freq = 50000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("AF 500Hz CW tone");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
            else if (bc == 49 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 600;
                    min_freq = 1;
                    max_freq = 50000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("AF 600Hz CW tone");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
               else if (bc == 50 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 700;
                    min_freq = 1;
                    max_freq = 50000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("AF 700Hz CW tone");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
            else if (bc == 51 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 1000;
                    min_freq = 1;
                    max_freq = 50000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("AF 1000Hz tone");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
                else if (bc == 52 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 1275;
                    min_freq = 1;
                    max_freq = 50000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("RTTY space (UK)");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
            else if (bc == 53 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 1800;
                    min_freq = 1;
                    max_freq = 50000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("AF 1800Hz PSK31");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
            else if (bc == 54 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 2125;
                    min_freq = 1;
                    max_freq = 50000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("RTTY space (USA)");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
            else if (bc == 55 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 2400;
                    min_freq = 1;
                    max_freq = 8000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("AF NBFM dev test");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }
              else if (bc == 56 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 3300;
                    min_freq = 1;
                    max_freq = 20000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("AF 1Hz - 20KHz");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }                    
            else if (bc == 57 )
                  {
                    carrier_centre = 9000000;
                    min_freq = 20000;
                    max_freq = 75000000;
                    hf_band = 10;
                    // update display
                    lcd.clear();
                    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
                    lcd.print("dial= ");
                    lcd.print(carrier_centre);
                    lcd.print("Hz");
                    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
                    lcd.print("RF 20KHz - 75MHz");
                    delay(bc_delay);
                  }                       
       }
}


void setup()
{
  //Serial.begin(9600);
  lcd.begin(16,2);
  lcd.clear();
  pinMode(clk_location, INPUT);
  pinMode(dt_location, INPUT);
  
   // configure arduino data pins for output
    pinMode(FQ_UD, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(W_CLK, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(DATA, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(RESET, OUTPUT);
    pulseRESET();
    pulseW_CLK();
    pulseFQ_UD(); // this pulse enables serial mode - Datasheet page 12 figure 10
    oldA = digitalRead(clk_location);
    oldB = digitalRead(dt_location);
    
    // start up message
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
    lcd.print("Radio Frequency");
    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
    lcd.print("signal generator");
    delay(3000);
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
    lcd.print("AF 1Hz - 20KHz");
    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
    lcd.print("RF 20KHz - 75MHz");
    delay(3000);
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
    lcd.print("Ham Radio with");
    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
    lcd.print("General Coverage");
    delay(3000);
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0,0); // first line of display
    lcd.print("programmed by");
    lcd.setCursor(0,1);  // second line of display
    lcd.print("Alastair GW0AJU");
    delay(3000);
    
    // start up settings for signal generator
    bs = 4;  // 25Hz step inc/dec
    selection_hf_band_step();
    
    bc = 18;  // start up on 20m band
    selection_hf_band();
   
}

void loop()
{
  band_change();
  step_change();
  getEncoderTurn();
}